Friday 26 April 2024

….wasn’t built in a day

First legion painted and based (but not textured). Velites, Hastati, Principes, Triarii, cavalry to rear. I have some command figures to place when I decide where.

Dice holders. A new departure for me. The plan is to use Basic Impetus. What I hadn’t thought of is how I’m going to pick the tiny little dice up!


The Holocaust and the Roma

These days I tend to listen to an awful lot of podcasts. I'd heard this fella (Dr Waitman Beorn) on We Have Ways some time ago and saw that he had his own podcast. The episode below caught my eye. A subject I never knew anything about (beyond the fact the Roma were on the list of groups targeted by the Nazis). I remember a page in a series of magazines about WWII from the early 70s showing the various badges that different groups had to wear - yellow stars, pink triangles etc. Beyond that, I knew next to nothing. Pretty much the same as most people probably.

It won't be any surprise to anyone who has more than a passing interest in History, that the picture is much more complex than might be supposed. A fair amount of time is needed just to discuss who the people under discussion were. There wasn't even agreement at the time. In 1944, the Germans released people that the Dutch authorities had sent to them as Roma, that the Germans considered were not!

The sobering thought for me personally is that, had Britain fallen under a similar or the same regime, my mother's grandparents (if not her mother) could have ended up being 'removed'. They lived in a fairly small town. An ordinary town, full of ordinary, decent people. It couldn't happen here. Could it?



Wednesday 24 April 2024

Ancient and Modern

Came across this article today. Evidently the device has been used for some time in recent conflicts. Not being a modernist, or really an ancientist * (to coin a term), I wasn’t aware of their use in WWII.


I know the polis here in the UK use something similar: a roll out ‘mat’ of spines to puncture baddies’ tyres without the car running out of control.

* side note: my bases should arrive tomorrow so I could have the first legion based by the weekend. 

Saturday 20 April 2024

Test base sizes

I finally got the time to start the preparation of the Punic War figures I bought. I've put some sample groups together.


Pic 1 has 3 lines of Hastati and 1 of Triares.

1st Line: 2 ranks of 5 on 4x3cm

2nd Line: 2 ranks of 6 on 4x3cm

3rd Line: 2 ranks of 5 on 3x2cm

Pic 1

Pic 2 - Triares
2 ranks of 5 on 3x3cm
1 rank of 6 on 3x2cm
Pic 2


Pic 3

Pic 3

Line 1: 2 ranks of 6 Hastati on 4x3cm

Line 2: 2 ranks of 6 Triares on 4x3cm

Looking at all that, I'm minded to go for bases 3x3cm with 2 ranks of 5, or 4xcm bases with 2 ranks of 6. The extra depth makes handling safer and has a reasonable amount of spacing for men who are supposed to throw pila. Probably the former as this permits 4 bases of Hastati, 4 of Principes and 2 of Triari as the heavy infantry element of a legion. This will fit nicely on one of my hexes.

Mini Update

I still haven't taken the plunge on the basing. Peter is right that bases 3cm wide will be fiddly. A legion (inc cavalry) will require at least 20 bases with this scheme.

Velites 8; Hastati 4; Principes 4; Triari 2; Cavalry 2.

Sabots will help, but that just delays the whole process while I decide how that will work.  But never fear, I have thoughts of a radical solution that doesn't involve sabots but does give me what I want to do. I will test it tomorrow.

I have however nearly completed the painting of a legion and started a second, which is some sort of progress.

Wednesday 17 April 2024

Rules rule OK

Or keeping the Impetus going.

Thanks to Neil (see comments in last post) I bought a discounted copy of BI 2.0. They duly arrived today. Not had a proper look at them just yet, but the format would get a thumbs up from that chap at Little Wars TV. They’re ring bound.

Nice!



Monday 15 April 2024

Salute haul

I was thinking about posting some pictures of Salute but others have done that much better than I ever could. For a real visual feast head over to Big Lee’s blog/YouTube.

Instead I’ll share my small, but valuable catch. First up was not a purchase at all but the thoughtful gift, or gifts of two books by David-in-Suffolk, of the Ragged Soldier blog fame. I’ve read the first already, and look forward to delving into the second.

David knows you can take the boy out of Grimsby….

Bull Sand and Haile Sand forts, originally built in WWI, are still there at the mouth of the Humber. The latter is close to the low water mark on the Lincolnshire side - but the sands are notorious for shifting.

An armed trawler. This happens to be one my maternal grandad, a deep sea fisherman sailed on, though I don’t know if he was on it during the war. I do know he did convoy escort work on the runs to northern Russia and minesweeping duties. Northern Gem was involved in the infamous convoy PQ17. 120 Grimsby trawlers were lost during the War I think the pre-War GY fishing fleet was c.700.

An anti-personnel device known as a ‘Butterfly Bomb’. I was brought up on warnings of these things. Dropped in 1943 the last casualty was a boy some time after the War. The book shows German POWs sweeping for them in 1947.

The second book is this:

I believe there’s one about the First World War too.

So a big thank you to David!

My only purchase of the day (I had picked up a couple of Ospreys at a stall but they only took cash) was a set of rules from the Society of Ancients. Naturally, if you saw that I’d recently acquired armies for the Punic Wars, you’d assume that I’d bought rules that either specifically covered the period or were those all-purpose ancients rules like WRG. Obviously I didn’t. I got these:

They are specifically for armies of competing Greek city states, made up mainly of hoplites. The intro explicitly states they were not designed for the Persian Wars or the Hellenistic period, but include some suggestions for the former.

There’s a phase of the game called ‘let the gods decide’ where players draw cards which can be positive or negative.
These rules intrigued me at the stall, and still do, having read them through. The essential feature of the rules is that there is very little scope for fancy tactics. The leader’s job is to get the men geed-up for combat, give the order to advance and keep order. They remind me of Hoplomachia hoplite battle rules by the Perfect Captain, though much less complicated. Also, they have some similarities to Loose Files and American Scramble (AWI) with variable movement and disorder points. Which gets an immediate thumbs up from me.

Primarily aimed at large scale figures, with figure removal, they do have an option to use casualty markers and base removal so they can be used with 6mm figures (my chosen ancients scale). I could use some of the spearmen from the Punic Wars, and supplement with ‘Italy-based’ Greeks/Italiate hoplites. What’s Classical Greek for mission creep?

Sunday 14 April 2024

Scipio and Barca raise their armies

Whilst I was on the way to Salute (more of that later) I got a message from the Margravina to say that a small parcel had arrived for me.

Excellent stuff! When I opened the pack I thought "crikey that's a lot to paint and base". Of course if I'd been more organised I'd have known what bases to buy from Pendraken today at Salute. I want to play around with different sizes and combinations before I commit to buying any bases.

Romans on the left, Carthaginians on the right.

650 inf, 84 cav and 5 elephants. Not bad for the money!

Something to do in these longer, light evenings!

Thursday 11 April 2024

Potpourri

Bit of a mixed bag this post. Not much wargaming activity at the Schloß recently. I have however taken part in two remote games chez Freitag of the Battle of Fornovo, 1495. These were my first forays ever into the Italian Wars. 

The first was as part of the Italian league fighting the French, where my command (the left wing) got badly beaten up by a resurgent Napoleon Dave. For the 4th game in a row, my table top character was killed. The Italians came out ahead in a close fought game. If you haven't already pop over to Jon's blog for AARs and pictures of his wonderful Renaissance figures, here and here.

The second was in sole command of the French versus Ray, Surjit and Lee of Posties Reject renown. This game was decidedly not a close run thing. The Rejects played a canny game and I don't think the overall result would have changed even if I had better luck. And I took my personal record up to 5 games with my character being killed! Here's one of the previous occasions: https://mudbloodandsteel.blogspot.com/2024/04/the-king-is-dead-long-live-err.html Second time in a row my character has been killed in a campaign run by JBM. 

In terms of army and terrain preparation myself, not much has happened. (Notice the use of the passive voice, like a politician apologising, to disguise the fact it's me who hasn't done much). I sprayed one side of my 'battle cloth' to make it a bit lighter. Cans of spray paint don't go very far, especially when you're spraying outside. I bought a second can in Lidl at the weekend to do the other side.

Punic Wars. A couple of weeks ago I placed an order with Heroics & Ros for Romans and Carthaginians. I was beginning to wonder when they would arrive, and today I got confirmation that they have been posted. So they could be here by Saturday. 

I have a bit of 1:1 terrain making to complete first, however. I am helping the Margravina prepare a vegetable plot. She seems to have decided it would be wise to prepare for the collapse of commerce by turning over a large part of the Schloß' grounds to agriculture. The ground has been prepared and we are giving the wooden frames that will surround the veg patches a protective coat of paint, before laying weed control, filling the frames with earth and compost, and finally surrounding them with pathways of gravel.

On Saturday I will be going up to Salute for the first time in several years. I should be meeting up with David-in-Suffolk, the Ragged Soldier himself. That's not casting any nastursiums on his appearance by the way, it's his blog. Hopefully I'll be able to meet other bloggers in person too, particularly Posties Rejects.

A lot of my attention, and some of my time has been occupied with Grimsby Town's plight at the wrong end of the Football League. With 4 games to play, they could still be relegated (for the 3rd time in 14 years!). So if anyone was wondering how I could keep smiling through lots of poor dice rolls, I've had plenty of practice dealing with bad luck! Last month I had attended 3 games in close succession. This month I have tickets for 2 of the 4 games, Colchester on Tuesday night and Crawley on 27th. One of the benefits of reaching a certain age, is that ticket prices start to come down. Not everywhere, but Crawley is one such place where over 60s get in for £10.

Favourites to go down are Forest Green and Sutton. Selfishly, I would rather Colchester go down as the ground is awkward to get to, being out of town, and Sutton is a bus journey away for me.

Last night I managed to watch the 2017 version of Tuntematon Sotilas again. It really is one of the best war films out there. The storyline is believeable (the novel is largely based on the author's own experiences and other real events), the acting is superb, and not too many liberties are taken with the plot. Special effects and cinematography are also excellent. Highly recommended.

People who have seen All the Sins (Kaikki Synnit, a Nordic Noir TV series) might recognise Johannes Holopainen. He played the posh lieutenant Kariluoto in the war film and the detective in All the Sins.

Finally, here are a few pics from a trip with the Margravina to the south coast.

On the cliffs at Southbourne

Avon Beach, near Christchurch (Dorset)


Wonder what these could be? (cliffs above Avon Beach)

One of 3 explanatory panels. Seem to have lost the photos of the other two.

Outside the entrance to the former research establishment above. This fossil is about 1/2 metre across.

Isle of Wight can be just about seen at top left

Sentry post at ADRE

The grounds are now a nature reserve

Looking back down to the beach

Highcliffe Castle, a 19th century stately pile.

Looking back west towards Medford Spit and Hengistbury Head. By the time we got back to the carpark, that part of the beach was rammed - people are lazy. They won't walk far to get a nice spot on the beach. Lots of open water swimmers around - mostly women of a certain age and build. Suggesting that the Margravina would soon be old enough to join them was not the wisest thing I'd ever said.

Entrance to Christchurch Harbour

Aha!

View through the MG port


Vent in the roof of the pillbox


Wednesday 10 April 2024

On this day

Saw this earlier. I've never read the Kalevala, but if this bloke ever completes this translation, I would. Translating a poem (especially one from an old style of a completely different language), then getting it to scan and rhyme must be the Devil's own job. Hats off!

https://maceochilanguagelearning.wordpress.com/2016/03/05/the-beginning-of-the-kalevala-my-translation/

The chap who wrote down the Kalevala*, Elias Lönnrot, was born 9 April 1802. He was a bit of a Renaissance Man too. Medic, linguist, folklorist, botanist.

* I say wrote it down, rather than 'wrote it', because the stories were traditional ones he collected from folk around the Finland and Russian Karelia.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Lönnrot

Post Script:

Alan pointed out that an episode of BBC Radio 4’s In Our Time covered Kalevala. A very interesting episode. Shout out too to David in Suffolk who also mentioned this episode in an e-Mail. Here’s the link to BBC Sounds:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001xm8t?partner=uk.co.bbc&origin=share-mobile

Monday 1 April 2024

Game mats

If you need one, Lidl are selling Artificial Grass Mats for £7.99 for a roll 100x200cm!



Friday 29 March 2024

Vanha harmaa pillitesti

Your Old Uncle Nundanket brings you the gift of some mellow, if melancholic, music this Easter. It’s been a long time since I treated you so, and you deserve it. 

You may recognise the tune, if not the specific words. The singer, the late Topi Sorsakoski*, had, in my opinion, a super voice and imbued the song with such meaning that you don’t have to understand the words.

https://youtu.be/0IrTUI1owLg?si=oRv2eci3TpphcT6e

* not his real name, I believe. The surname translates as Duck Rapids.

Lyrics below so you can sing along. And practice rrrolling your Rrrs.

Kitara soi: the guitar plays. Other keywords: 

surua: sorrow. 

Suru vain: only sadness 

Sointi sen nyt minulle tumma on: its sound to me is dark now

Think you get the picture.


My name is Legion

In an unaccustomed bout of decisiveness, I placed an order for 2 legions' worth of Romans, as described in the last post, plus a similar sized force for Carthage. I was teetering on the brink of ordering an equivalent number of Macedonians, then nearly swapped them out for more SYW figures and pondered ordering various odds and sods for an Ottoman army*. It all proved too much for me and my usual prevaricatory side returned. So just the Romans and Carthaginians then.

* H&R don't do any Ottomans, but I might try some Zouaves, Tartars, Cossacks, Pancerni etc. Irregular do by the way, so that's an option.

18 packs ordered (8 Roman, 10 Carth. incl some elephants naturally). £90 for 2 small armies, not bad.

Once they arrive I'll have a play around with different sized card bases to get a sense of what they will look like, before ordering some MDF ones. Then begins the search for some painting guides. I'm trying to save the pennies for future troop expansions so I'll probably avoid splashing out on books. Any recommendations for on-line guides?

From a terrain point of view, I'll stick with my green felt cloth and not go down the 'arid' root that seems to be favoured. I got some spray paint recently with a view to lightening the cloth a bit. Hopefully we'll get some dry weather soon so I can spray outdoors.

Wednesday 27 March 2024

Thoughts turn to Rome

It’s been a long while since I posted. And only twice in the whole of March. Wargaming activity has been sparse to non-existent. The fabled Real Life mostly. But also some football watching in the flesh. The latter has finished for a few weeks, after 3 games in a short period in London and the South East. 

I have been involved in a PBEM ECW campaign, where as King Charles I prematurely lost my head. Pop along to Mud Blood and Steel for an entertaining account of the campaign. The last tactical game I was involved in was a virtual Punic War campaign battle run by Jonathon Freitag of Palouse Wargames Journal fame. You see I’ve been teetering on the brink of building up Roman and Carthaginian armies (and maybe Macedonian and Syracusan). And it’s that subject that I want to briefly touch on. As part of my background preparation, I came across the article by Bret Devereaux below, which focuses on one of the Romans’ wars against the Macedonians in the early 2nd century BC.


Fascinating stuff, but it lead me on to looking further at Roman formations. All that fancy quincunx stuff must look great (as it did in the Spartacus film climactic battle- admittedly from the later Republican period). I’m pretty new to all this, and the debate around to what extent this was a pre-contact formation. This is all part of my decision-making process on what I want my models to look like. As I’m most likely to go for 6mm figures, I can afford to show such formations, at least stylistically. Not all 30 maniples in a legion.

A dozen or so 6mm figures in 2 ranks would fit on a base 30mm wide. A flexible, if fiddly, layout would be to have 4 30x15mm bases representing the Hastati, the same for the Principes, maybe just 2 bases for the Triarii. Plus an appropriate number of Velites and cavalry of course. All told, 175 infantry figures plus 10 cavalry, to represent the legion. So two legions could be built from 8 packs of H&R figures (50 inf or 20 cav per pack). £40 plus p&p.  Not bad. But then there’s the Italian alae!

Postscript: Here’s the link for the start of JBM’s ECW campaign, as requested by Joseph in the comments. Apologies for not including it originally.

Tuesday 12 March 2024

The place of History and the Unreliability of Eyewitnesses

Been a bit quiet lately, due to a mix of Real Life and Football*. The latter is clearly not part of the former, but it is sent to test us just in case Real Life isn't doing its job properly.**

I've always thought History was important. I'm probably biased in that, because I enjoy it as a subject, as I'm confident, so do you. However, this article argues, cogently, that it is even more important and immediate and vital than I'd given it credit for. And the US Department of Defense [sic.] seems to agree as it employs 300 PhD qualified historians at any one time!

https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/03/10/the-history-crisis-is-a-national-security-problem/ 

That is a staggering statistic. If I had to have a stab at a number, before reading the article, I'd say that the UK equivalent would be 1/2 dozen at most. Even after reading, I'd be in the low double digits. Anyway, plaudits to the US DoD.



* I've managed to attend 2 Grimsby games, and watch one on line in the last 8 days, and I should be at another on Saturday, due to the fixture computer throwing up 3 London/S.East games in 2 weeks. Last Saturday at Sutton United, was particularly pleasurable due to seeing MANY friends and acquaintances, both new and old. Some folk I know well or quite well and like, some I know quite well and don't particularly like, some I hardly know but they seem pleasant, others are just folk on 'nodding terms' (no idea of each other's names but we recognise each other). 'Mr Michael' (father of a buddy) was there with his fast growing grandsons. Also rewarding was seeing one of our loose collective of south east exiles (himself the son of an exile, never having lived in Grimsby) with his small son and friends. The ground being a bus journey away, it was easy to get them there. Apparently the boys, with no connection to Grimsby, love coming to these games because they have a sense of freedom that they can't get at say, Chelsea or Arsenal, even if they can get hold of £££ tickets. They were having a grand old time stood at the front by the barrier, chanting along with the crowd, slapping the goalscorer's hand as he ran past in celebration. Old school! This speaks of a desire to be part of a community. In the metropolis it is easy to feel unconnected.

** I mean, how is this a penalty to the yellow team?!

https://twitter.com/jamrobertspics/status/1766513065426592026?s=12&t=FTPg9pGSHEJC1fkAgEJiZQ 

 

Wednesday 21 February 2024

Kesselsdorf


I finished the Kesselsdorf book yesterday, and I must say I'm glad that I got it.  It has a number of good points from my point of view. It:

  • Is strong on the Saxon perspective for a change;
  • Goes into some depth on the battle itself, including discussion of accounts that don't tie up;
  • Has a general map of the initial deployments (better than any previous ones I've seen), and some detailed maps of some episodes;
  • Gives political and strategic background and consequences;
  • Gives a description of what happened to the casualties of battle (not something that is common), the impact on locals and the financial costs to the Saxons;
  • Provides full orders of battle for both sides;
  • Devotes nearly half the book to an account of the battle*

* Too often books on specific battles have relatively little to say on the course of the battle.

Saxon 'contributions' to the Prussian war effort. About 40% of the total Prussian costs according to Querengässer. Two birds, one stone. As well as covering a big slice of their own costs, the Prussians were hobbling a rival.

This doesn't include the cost to the local economy of looting........

At least another 177,000 Thalers

So this book seems to blend both 'traditional' military history and the 'new' military history. And it's got me thinking, "which figures would make good make good Polish Uhlans for the Saxon army?"**


** The answer is probably H&R SYW Bosniaken lancers.


My refight of Kesselsdorf in October 2021: https://horseandmusketgaming.blogspot.com/2021/10/kesselsdorf-refought-solo.html

Saturday 17 February 2024

End of the War in Italy

Well that didn't last long! I played one more hour from about 4 to 5pm and got through the year 1743. By the time the rival forces went into winter quarters I think I played things through to a conclusion. Probably.

At the end of 1742 the French and Spanish had to retreat back across the Alps, with their displaced Neapolitan cousins because they had not taken any fortresses on the Italian side. The Royal Navy had been driven away from their blockading stations by early winter storms (determined by rolling a double on 2D6 to indicate there had been an "Event", and then a roll with a D8 to determine what the event was. The Piedmontese were able to retire to their fortresses and recover their strength. Due to Imperialist advances across southern Germany (determined by an earlier Event roll) the French had to divert one of their 3 bases to the Rhine. The Austrians ended up winning at this point through the capture of Padua and were able to keep their whole force (4 bases plus a siege train) south of the Alps as a result. One badly battered force of Neapolitans had to over winter in Liguria with their (as yet) neutral Genoese friends. Genoa had to remain inactive until directly attacked. The Bourbon forces couldn't recover much due to not holding enough cities, but I bent the rules a bit to allow some recovery, otherwise the odds would have been heavily stacked against them.

For 1743 I introduced a method of determining order of activation, copied from Peter at Grid Based Wargaming - but not always. Peter used Scrabble tiles but I used pairs lettered plastic beads of the sort small children, are necklaces out of. Each force had a bead, with a matching bead 'in the hat', and the forces were activated in the order the beads were drawn out of the hat. Simple but effective, and it stopped too much telepathic co-ordination of forces. For example if the British were activated, and wanted to land guns to form a siege battery, they couldn't gamble on the Austrians being able to move a force into the same hex before the enemy could take the guns. 

The campaigning season started in April with the Austrians on the march in northern Italy to attempt to clean up the remaining unclaimed cities before the Bourbon forces could cross the Alps (passes were blocked until late June). Meanwhile the Piedmontese sat tight, holding on to the King's patrimony. [Historical note: the Gallispans occupied Savoy (a duchy belonging to the King of Sardinia, i.e. Piedmont) on the 'French' side of the Alps]. An Austrian force in Nice embarked on ships hoping to be escorted to Naples At the same time the Neapolitans in Genoa boarded a fleet as the quickest way to get back to protect their kingdom in the south. One of the three British flotillas appeared off Naples and landed heavy guns, protected by Marines and shore parties. The latter were not shown as being too small a force. The Neapolitans not actually having a base handy, could not interfere.

So who would make it to Naples? The Austrians or the Neapolitans? Well the answer would be determined by a sea battle between the remaining 2 British flotillas and the combined Franco-Spanish ships. This was 'played' purely as a dice roll - I hadn't bothered to finish the little ship models as they are so damned fiddly! Equal forces (2x5 points each) plus 1D6 each. The result was a narrow British win - 1 loss to the British and 1 each to the Spanish and French. This allowed the Austrians to travel to Naples to prosecute the siege. The siege of Naples started in June, and the Neapolitans must have let their defences go to ruin. i.e. the allies got lucky - a 1 in 3 chance meant the city fell in the first month. I rationalised it out this way. Poor maintenance and operational security, led to an ammunition store, in a casemate under a bastion, being exploded by a mortar blast (lobbed from a bomb ketch). The explosion wrecked part of the bastion face and influential citizens persuaded the governor not to allow the ancient city to be subjected to a storming. King Carlo VII slipped out the back door and made his way to Gaeta, where he boarded a sloop and made his way to Valencia and became a guest of his half-brother Fernando VI of Spain.

More bad fortune for the Bourbons happened that month when their combined ships were narrowly beaten again by the British. The small Neapolitan army disembarked and looked for a land route to Naples.

In July the British packed up their guns and re-embarked in Naples harbour. The Austrians, after placing a small garrison began the march across the peninsula to Bari. Up in the north, the French and Neapolitans began their passage of the Alps in the direction of Turin, crossing from concentric passes. The Spanish likewise headed slowly along the mountainous coast east from Toulon. After crossing the Po, an Austrian army put Piacenza under siege. They were joined by the Austrian force that had wintered by Turin.

Piacenza fell within a few short weeks. The Austrians were gobbling up the cities in the plains before the Bourbons had a chance to get there. The best hope for the latter was to put pressure on the Austrians and their allies by taking Turin, and to this end, the French, covered by the Neapolitans built their lines around the Piedmontese capital. Aided by fair weather, the British arrived off Bari by the end of August. The following weeks they landed their guns again and readied themselves for the arrival of the Austrians.

Whilst the siege of Turin began in earnest, the Austrians invaded Liguria. In response the Spanish moved to relieve the Genoese. In open battle the Austrians inflicted significant losses on the Spanish who retreated back to the Alps Maritimes. Worried about the attack on the capital, the bulk of the Piedmontese army (those not in Turin) left Cuneo to challenge the besiegers.  By the narrowest of victories, they forced the Neapolitans away from the city, exposing the French lines. The French gave up the siege and mirrored the Neapolitans' retreat into the Alps. Simultaneously, whilst one Austrian corps arrived at Bari, another began the siege of Genoa.

As October turned to November, Carlo VII and his court in exile debated whether to sue for peace. Probably influenced by his fellow king, Fernando, Carlo decided to carry on the struggle. i.e. I let the dice decide. This proved fatal. Bari surrendered before almost a shot had fired. The governor had heard what damage those infernal English bomb ketches could do, and no doubt encouraged by a 'doucement' from the bourgeoisie, he allowed the Queen of Hungary's troops to enter the city. Genoa soon, whose small army was allowed to march out with the honours of war, went the same way, and the war in Italy was all but over. Or was it?

The position at the end. The cities with black rectangles are those captured by Austria. Milan was already theirs at the start, and Florence belonged to Maria-Theresa's husband but was technically neutral.

So why did the war last only 3 years in the game and not the 7 years of history? Probably the main reason was I hadn't got the balance between the opposing factions right. There wasn't much opportunity for the Spanish, for example, to seize or hold cities in Italy. I should maybe have allowed them a force in northern Italy to start with. that would slow the Austrians down, and perhaps give the Spanish an opportunity to replenish their forces. Having said that, I did allow the Neapolitans to storm all the way up to the north, when historically, they didn't get that far for whatever reason. Another big factor was making the mistake of leaving the Neapolitan cities largely undefended.

I now need to decide whether to pack the whole thing away, or leave it up and give the Bourbons a leg up so to speak, and to carry on. I'm minded to do the former.

This was the second such campaign (the first being at New Year 2023 when I wargamed 'the whole War of the Austrian Succession in Europe). Would I do another one? Yes, absolutely. Maybe at the next New Year holiday. 



Tuesday 13 February 2024

WAS Campaign in Italy: Part 1 - The storm clouds burst

The rival armies have been mobilised and ready for over 2 weeks, but each hesitated to be the first to strike the first blow. Each wanted to avoid being the first to initiate bloodshed with fellow Christians. Catholics all (apart from the English that is, and Swiss auxiliaries). Obviously the real reason was a mixture of 'Real Life" and lethargy. The lethargy was overcome today and I snatched a couple of hours after work.

1741

I started the campaign in Spring 1741. Whilst the Spanish and French were stuck on the western side of the Alps by deep snow in the passes, Austrian forces headed south from Milan and crossed the Po, heading for Piacenza. The plan was to occupy an advanced position until the siege train could arrive with reinforcements from Austria.

Meanwhile the Neapolitans struck out from Naples and Bari, either side of the Apennines. Their advance north was temporarily halted when they came up against high spurs from the mountains. The snows were melting but freezing temperatures at night made the going impossible as the melted snow turned to ice. The alternative was to cut through Papal lands, at the risk of alienating His Holiness, but by June the way was clear for the Neapolitans to continue north.

July saw the Alpine passes clear and Spanish from the west (Toulon), French from the north west (Grenoble) and Austrians from the north east began to cross to northern Italy. The second Austrian army ("Aust2") brought with it a siege train which would help them capture the cities of the great north Italian plain. In this game only the French, Austrians and British had siege trains of their own - the British have no land troops so they rely on their Piedmontese or Austrian allies; just as the Neapolitans and Spanish rely on the French siege train. A restriction on the British is that their guns cannot be taken further inland than the coastal strip. Hearing reports of the French advancing east towards Lombardy, the first Austrian army ("Aust1") recrosses the Po into the northern plain to protect Milan. The Piedmontese concentrate 2/3 of the army on Cuneo, with the balance remaining in Turin.

In August Aust2 advance toward Verona, whilst Aust1 headed back to Milan to forestall the French arriving from the west. On the Mediterranean coast Spanish and Piedmontese armies arrived outside Nice where a battle is fought. Both sides had 2 bases (stacking limits in mountains prevented all the Spanish arriving together. The King of Sardinia won inflicting 3 hits on the Spanish to 1. The Spanish have to retreat back along the coast to the nearest friendly city, i.e. Toulon.

September saw the Piedmontese move from Turin to Cuneo (opening up the option to attack Toulon or Genoa. Aust2 arrived at Verona which they placed under siege. For the Bourbons, the main Neapolitan force crossed to east side of the Apennines. The Spanish reinforced the defeated army west of Nice from Toulon (i.e. the losses are transferred to the force in Toulon).  Having fully crossed the Alps the French concentrate west of Milan, neither side strong enough to risk battle against the other.

The following month was fairly quiet as the Austrians and French stood off in Lombardy, and the Spanish and Piedmontese eyed each other warily between Toulon and Nice. The siege of Verona progressed steadily without conclusion.

The campaigning season trailed off in November with the Piedmontese reinforcing Nice and the Veronese finally capitulating. Britain had yet to make a show - a clear opportunity for a landing had not yet arisen. With the arrival of Winter all armies have to go back to a friendly city. All are well provided for, except the Neapolitans who are faced with crossing the Ligurian Alps to Genoa, suffering attrition en route. I rationalised that the RN blockading Genoa limited supplies for the additional 30,000 mouths.

The position at the end of 1741. In this shot I'd omitted to move 2 Spanish bases back to Toulon.













 The French are back across the Alps. In Genoa with the Neapolitans is the small Genoese army. It isn't allowed to move out of the city hex until the city is attacked, then it is a full combatant on the Bourbon side.

1742

Only the Piedmontese were allowed to replenish their losses because they still held their 3 native cities (Turin, Cuneo and Nice). In game terms the Savoyard districts of Piedmont are not counted.

Half of Aust2 with the siege train made its way to invest Padua. The rest, now all 'Aust1' unite just north of the Po making for Parma. All the Gallispans (French and Spanish) are beyond the mountains and have to wait for the passes to clear. In May Aust1 arrived at Parma but has to await the siege train, currently engaged at Padua, before it can take the city. 

The next month (June) the Neapolitans cross the mountains from Genoa to Piacenza. Aust1 attacks them but are repulsed with a difference of 1 so both take a hit. The Austrians have to retreat. The siege of Padua continues.

In July the French start to cross the Alps. This time their plan is different. They threaten Turin. The Piedmontese troops in Turin remain in place waiting to see what happens.  The Neapolitans also remain in place keeping their option open.  Aust1 recrosses the Po and Padua falls to Aust2. The other 2 Piedmontese bases move east of Nice threatening Genoa, hoping to link up with the Royal Navy.

A double 5 is rolled on 2D6 which mean an 'Event' Occurs. A 6 rolled on D8 means that Charles of Lorraine (brother-in-law of the Austrian Empress*) marches to Rhine, and the French must remove a base from Italy for 18 months.

In the heat of August, Aust1 sends 1 base to Milan. Aust2 advances up the northbank of the Po. Then the French (2 bases plus a siege train) move on Turin, accompanied by 2 Neapolitan bases! At the same time the Spanish start to cross Alps threatening Piedmont from the west.

Through September the French and Neapolitans invest and besiege Turin, which is defended by 1 base of Piedmontese. Meanwhile the other 2/3 of the Piedmontese army meets 2/3 of the Spanish outside Cuneo and fight the (first?) Battle of Madonna dell Olmo! Piedmont gets an extra dice because of the friendly city. The adjusted dice rolls result in 5 against the Spanish. A disaster for Spain who take 5 hits (a base) against one for the victors.  All the Austrians advance up the Po valley towards Piedmont to help their allies.

In October Aust1 joins up with the Piedmontese east of Turin, whilst Aust2 remains South of Milan. The Franco-Neapolitans have 3 options: 

  1. press on with the siege of Turin,
  2. retreat through the Alps, or 
  3. attack Austro-Piedmontese

Stuck for a decision I let the Dice Gods decide. A 2 on a D6 means they press on with the siege, hoping to take it before the Austro-Piedmontese army attacks them. Unfortunately for the Bourbons, Turin does not immediately fall.

November: Another double is rolled. This time a 4 on a D8 means a Storm. This forces fleets close to the shore, but not in a friendly harbour, out to sea, breaking any blockade. The British are forced away from Genoa.

But things get worse for the Bourbons. The whole Piedmontese army converges with Aust1 (3 bases) by Turin to offer battle. The numbers to start with are as follows:

Piedmont: 3 bases = 15 points less 1 hit already = 14

Austria: 3 bases = 15 points less 1 hit already = 14

Total Austro-Piedmontese = 28 plus 2D6 (1 plus 1 extra for the friendly city)

French: 2 bases = 10 points

Neapolitans: 3 bases = 10 points

Total Bourbons = 20 points plus 1D6

With such unfavourable odds the combined Bourbon army elects to retreat NW of the Po to the Alps. They cross to the French side for the Winter.



1742 comes to an close with the Bourbons at a definite disadvantage. The Austrians have gained 2 cities, and are pretty much unchallenged in the plains. But at least for the next campaign, the French, Spanish and Neapolitans all start the year circling Piedmont from 3 directions. The bad news is, they have to wait for the thaw before they can cross. They need some good fortune!

This campaign could end fairly quickly if I'm not careful. I'm considering allowing reinforcements to Toulon and Genoa as a result of the storm that forced the RN to lift the blockade. Additionally I think a stacking limit during winter should force armies to disperse more (this will work a little against the Austro-Piedmontese). I'm also considering allowing armies without a siege train to take cities by assault -  at the risk of losing points - 1 hit for a successful storm and 2 or 3 for unsuccessful. Thoughts?


Saturday 10 February 2024

Die Winterschlacht - distractions

Something reminded me of this fairly recent release* from Helion. A battle that doesn't get much coverage in its own right and which, the author argues, was that rare battle in that it actually finished a war. The Second Silesian War (part of the inter-connected conflicts know as the War of the Austrian Succession) ended in December 1745 shortly after the Battle of Kesselsdorf on 15th of that month.

* 2023.  It was previously published in German in 2022, and I believe Amtmann of the Wackershofen Anno Domini blog read that version and commented on an earlier blogpost.

 I need to thank my wife for this anniversary present. She's a good sort like that. She doesn't yet realise she bought it me mind.

Querengässer posits that Kesselsdorf has been overlooked in Saxony because it "is eclipsed by the occupation of the Electorate [of Saxony] in the Seven Years War" and the breakup of the Saxon-Polish union; and it was overlooked in Prussia because it was a victory, not of its King Frederick, but of his former tutor, Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau.

I've re-played the battle twice: once against my son with some iffy self-written rules; once using Twilight of the Soldier Kings. Here https://horseandmusketgaming.blogspot.com/2021/10/in-jesu-nahmen-marsch.html and here:

Saxons to the left, Prussians to the right

Austrians advance up to the stream. In the winter gloom Kesselsdorf can be seen in the distance.

The Brandenburg army marches out of the night, under the watchful eye of the Old Dessauer. I include these to show how far digital photography has come since those days.

Getting back to the book, there's some nice maps and colour plates of various troop types, including this splendid Hungarian musketeer. The SYW uniforms are a lot less interesting. This would maybe pose a good conversion challenge for those of you with larger scale figures.


I haven't gone beyond the Introduction yet, and I must resist the temptation of reading the whole thing for now as I have the small matter of an unstarted solo campaign to run. The other big distraction this week (apart from that 4-letter word beginning with W) was the small matter of a game at Chateau (Schloß?) Freitag. You can see a full report here: https://palousewargamingjournal.blogspot.com/2024/02/battle-of-lake-trasimene-217bce.html

Saturday will see little time for wargaming as after my Saturday morning swim I have a hospital appointment and then a late, late anniversary lunch in That London.

Tuesday 30 January 2024

Campaign Delays and Tweaks......and diplomatic language

Nearly a month into the new year and I haven't got around to playing the solo campaign. A mixture of lethargy, tiredness, work, other pastimes and time spent with the Margravina has put the breaks on.  A week ago I was seriously thinking of switching the campaign to a 'play by map' format and fight the battles out on the tabletop. This would lengthen the overall time taken to play the campaign, but at least allow some map moves in spare moments. I dithered around with this ("I haven't got any Italian looking trees made yet") until eventually I got to Friday and I set the table up after work for the 'play on table' format. This is where the whole campaign area is set-up on the table. Hexes are about 40 miles across. Thus:


Northern Italy and part France - castles indicate ports: Toulon, Nice and Genoa. River is the Po (only one shown on the whole board). The church to its western end represents Turin. Hexes with trees represent mountains

The whole "map" of Italy. I didn't represent the heel and foot. The leftmost column of hexes will represent the sea - I need to cover it in something blue. The "city/port" towards the bottom left is Naples, next one up Rome. A northern biased map. On reflection I've probably made the leg too wide near the bottom.

Moves will represent a month of time. Troops will move at 2 hexes per turn unless they cross mountains or the Po. All other rivers and difficult terrain (towns and villages are assume to slow movement right down) are "factored in". Unlike my general AWS campaign a year ago, the Alps can be crossed, but passes are closed to armies for several months of the year, and stacking is limited to represent the effect of narrow valleys on columns. This should prevent the French and Spanish amassing overwhelming numbers on the Piedmontese unless the latter leave the passes unchallenged.

I recently bought some 1:2400 ships from Magister Militum, to represent the Gallispan and British fleets. My, they are tiny! You have to glue on masts and some sails. You can imagine how that went! I managed to get 4 done in an hour before I gave up. I'll try to finish the rest before the weekend and given them a shoddy coat of paint. Wonder if anyone in the house has some tweezers.

As luck would have it, on Saturday evening the 17-year olds wanted a small gathering in the Kriegskabinett, so the gang could plan their post-A-Level trip. My nerves about gangling youths knocking the table were unnecessary, I'm pleased to say. And in a boost to my ego, one of them asked me if those were "Albanian style eagles" on the flags - I hand paint my flags on these 6mm figures, so I was 'dead chuffed'* the eagles on the Austrian flags were recognised as such.

**********

And finally (as they used to say on the News before items about skateboarding squirrels and the like), I came across the missive below on anti-social meeja. I do hope it's genuine.